porte cochere definition. A roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or leaving a vehicle. porte cochere definition

 
 A roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or leaving a vehicleporte cochere definition  Speaking of coaches—his heart gave a sickly leap at the sight of a battered-looking carriage standing in the porte cochere, which he thought belonged to the doctor

[kɔʃɛʀ ] feminine adjective porte cochère carriage entrance Collins French-English Dictionary © by HarperCollins Publishers. Record ‘Porte Cochere‘ in a full. ectomorphic. Based on 2 documents. porte-cochere porte-cochere. top of page. Meaning of Porte-cochère. Speaking of coaches—his heart gave a sickly leap at the sight of a battered-looking carriage standing in the porte cochere, which he thought belonged to the doctor. tr. Are there any more colloquial synonyms of porte cochere "a porch or portico-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building, through which it is possible for a horse and carriage or motor vehicle to pass, in order for the occupants to alight under cover, protected from the weather. : a passageway through a building or screen wall designed to let vehicles pass from the street to an interior courtyard. Did you actually mean porte-cochere or port watcher? Wiktionary Rate this definition: 0. eave: [noun] the lower border of a roof that overhangs the wall. Porte cocheres can come in a range of styles to fit the specific look/needs of a home. 0 / 0 votes. (Architecture) a large roof projecting over a drive to shelter travellers entering or leaving vehicles. org. La définition de cochère dans le dictionnaire est grande porte à deux battants, qui permet le passage des voitures. An open-walled roof over a driveway next to the entrance of a building, to shield embarking and disembarking vehicle passengers from the weather. Synonyms for porte-cochere in Free Thesaurus. All Free. The meaning of ARCHWAY is a way or passage under an arch; also : an arch over a passage. Stonebriar Homes for Sale $1,056,161. Meaning of porte-cochere. 1. The total area of openings in a wall must exceed the sum of the areas in the balance of the building envelope by more than 10 percent. porte-cochère. 2* Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted where the canopies, roofs, porte-cocheres, balconies, decks, or similar projections are constructed with materials that are noncombustible, limited-combustible, or fire retardant–treated wood as defined in NFPA 703, Standard for Fire Retardant– Treated Wood and Fire-Retardant. Chambers. Learn more in the Cambridge French-English Dictionary. A porch roof projecting over a driveway at the entrance to a building and sheltering those getting in or out of vehicles. A porte cochere, as the French name indicates, was originally an entrance or gateway to a building large enough to permit a coach to be driven through it into the. Porte-cochre definition: An open-walled roof over a driveway next to the entrance of a building, to shield embarking and disembarking vehicle passengers from the weather. a. Helping your students to comprehend the words they come across while reading leads to a richer reading experience, as well aslaissez-faire, porte-cochere, questionnaire, conservatoire, conventioneer 14 letters: commissionaire, concessionaire, surface-to-air 15 letters: kilovolt-ampere 16 letters: lighter-than-air, multimillionaire More ideas: — Too many results? The new advanced search interface organizes the results more sensibly. or porte-co·chère. Portico. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. During phase three in early August, the connecting hallway will open and the main lobby will close. [F. The definition of porte-cochere in the dictionary is a large covered entrance for vehicles leading into a courtyard. It is also a carriage entrance. : L'immeuble se compose au rez-de-chaussée d'une entrée cochère qui donne accès à la cage d'escalier centrale. Grayhawk Homes for Sale $609,956. porte cochère (English)Alternative forms. 8. see more ». Discover a wide variety of modern garage ideas, layouts and storage solutions to inspire your. A roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or. A roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or leaving a vehicle. The porte cochère, a covered entry, all but disappeared decades ago. or porte-co·chère. Informations sur le mot cochere - 7 lettres, 3 voyelles, 4 consonnes, 5 lettres uniques. Building Systems & Construction. The definition of porte-cochere in the dictionary is a large covered entrance for vehicles leading into a courtyard. " "In modern usage, portes. Also, a vehicular passageway leading through a building or screen wall into an interior courtyard. Building Systems & Construction. The term comes from the French language. What does cochere mean in English? ( noun ) : entrance , entranceway , entryway , entry , entree ; ( noun ) : canopy. PORTE-COCHERE Definition: a large covered entrance for vehicles leading into a courtyard | Bedeutung, Aussprache, Übersetzungen und Beispiele. All Free. The real attraction is the rear porch, where an outdoor kitchen (with an island), a wood burning. a large roof projecting over a drive to shelter travellers entering or leaving vehicles. Aidez WordReference : Posez la question dans les forums. A roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or leaving a vehicle. it’s confounding that the porte cochere would be brought. H 98 in Dm 42 in. ] (Arch. Options: Custom angled pergola zones. Porte Cochere Home Floor Plans With Outdoor Living. Plan # 8-606. Print Share Ask Close. [. Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature: 1. Meaning of porte cochere. Colorado Front Range. Soapbox aside; canopies, overhangs, and porte-cocheres provide a unique challenge in that they can compromise a building by (1) subjecting the building to trapped convective heat, (2) radiate heat down to the base of the fire and encourage further growth, (3) provide a continuous fuel path to the building. 15. ; Record yourself saying 'porte cochere' in full sentences, then watch yourself and listen. C. porte cochères Meanings and definitions of "porte cochères"A porte-cochere, literally "coach door", sometimes called a carriage porch, is the architectural term for a porch or portico-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building, through which it is. It typically features a roof supported by columns or posts, and it may be open on one or more sides. porte-cochère; porte-cochere; porte cochere; Origin & history French porte cochère‎. Sarah F. Архитекторы: Дмитрий Глушков, Фёдор Селенин; Фото: Антон Лихтарович. A well-known example is at Buckingham Palace in London. Here’s a porte cochere house plan that offers functionality and a relaxed vibe. It may not project more than fourteen (14) feet from the structure. Définition de « cochères » Notre dictionnaire de français vous présente les définitions du mot cocheres de manière claire et concise, avec des exemples pertinents pour aider à comprendre le sens du mot. canopy canopy extend. You'll be able to mark your mistakes quite easily. History The porte-cochère was a feature of many late 18th- and 19th-century mansions and public buildings. [M]oſt of the Houſes having Porte-Cocheres, and Court-yards, for the Conveniency and the Uſe of the Families. O porte cochère é uma estrutura atualmente encontrada facilmente em hotéis, hospitais, prédios de repartições públicas e em teatros, mas, cada vez mais, ele vem sendo implementado em edifícios residenciais e, até mesmo, em algumas casas. Well, actually, there are no walls, So it's more of a porte cochere. Another example is a high rise stair tower that. Below you will find example usage of this term as found in modern and/or classical literature: 1. 3 million to $7 million), a water floor. The porte-cochère, meaning carriage entrance in French, began as an architectural feature on palaces and manors during the reigns of Louis XIV and XV. 0 / 0 votes. Easements: Only lands owned or in control of the property owner, held in common with adjacent properties, or publicly owned may be used for secondary access. Today portes-cochères are found at both elaborate private homes and such public buildings as. Actuel. Meaning of PORTE-COCHÈRE. El edificio, antiguamente el hotel. "? (definition from Wikipedia) Many thanks. 1, sprinklers shall not be required in any porches, balconies, corridors, carports, porte cocheres, and stairs that are open and attached. English: A porte-cochère (from French, literally "coach gateway"), also called carriage porch, is the architectural term for a covered porch, a canopy, or a portico -like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building or a courtyard, through which it is possible for a horse and carriage or motor vehicle. Porte cocheres were originally designed as roofed areas large enough for carriages or other wheeled vehicles to. This exercise just shows that with reasonable assumptions, a 10-foot physical separation assuming a 5 MW fire begins to approach the critical. Go to Building Systems & Construction Ch 3. 3 bedrooms. Reservations are welcomed for lunch and available by calling (719) 476-6758. The porte-cochère was a feature of many late 18th- and 19th-century mansions and public buildings. Learn how to say Porte Cochere with EmmaSaying free pronunciation tutorials. noun 1. Automatically generated practical examples in French: Au 218 rue La Fayette, derrière une lourde porte cochère, au fond d’une cour, se trouve un ancien hôtel particulier où vit une petite communauté cosmopolite. Meaning of porte cochere. The porte-cochère, meaning carriage entrance in French, began as an architectural feature on palaces and manors during the reigns of Louis XIV and XV. porte-cochere noun. PORTE translate: door, door, gate, door, door, doorway, gate, gateway. porte-cochere in American English (ˌpɔrtkouˈʃɛər, -kə-, ˌpourt-) sustantivo. ***. porte-cochere pronunciation - How to properly say porte-cochere. A porte-cochere is a roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or leaving a vehicle. ʃɛʁ] ,最早出現於17世紀晚期 ,複數形式寫作 porte-cochères 或 portes-cochères )、迎賓車廊等,是建築物出入口的一種有屋頂的門廊式結構物,經. A working definition we like is ‘a covered entrance large enough for vehicles to pass through and pick up and drop off dignitaries…’ Timber framed side entry designed by architect David Patrick Moses. Is a 30-foot or 100-foot separated porte-cochere provide any value to a building? No, of course not. 6. Pronunciation (Brit. English: A porte-cochère (from French, literally "coach gateway"), also called carriage porch, is the architectural term for a covered porch, a canopy, or a portico -like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building or a courtyard, through which it is possible for a horse and carriage or motor vehicle. What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture; What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture Quiz; Go to Architectural Concepts Ch 2. Griffin Park Homes for Sale $714,732. A. A secondary option, lacking practicality. 5 (2013-2019 Editions) UNDER NFPA 13R 2002-2019 EDITIONS This flowchart covers fire sprinkler requirements & allowed omissions for balconies under NFPA 13R. Go to Building Systems. eminent. What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture Go to Architectural Concepts Ch 2. (Architecture) a large covered entrance for vehicles leading into a courtyard. Porte-cochere Porte"-co`ch[`e]re", n. 120. 2 : a roofed structure extending from the entrance of a building over an adjacent driveway and sheltering those getting in or out of vehiclesTranslation of "cochere" in French. Families keep growing and items continue to accumulate, but square footage just doesn’t budge — this is why garages can be a storage savior. The great room lives up to its name with a gas fireplace, oversized sliding doors that lead to an expansive rear porch with an outdoor kitchen, and easy. Design Elements & Symbols. <BR><BR>If it was a porte-chochere you would drive into the building. Legallais, distributeur de solutions pour les professionnels. Une porte cochère (appelé aussi passage cocher ou portail cocher) est une porte dans la façade d'un bâtiment (portail d'hôtel particulier, de manoir, de bâtiment public), par laquelle les véhicules peuvent passer (une entrée de garage par exemple). kɔ. Porte-cochere means a covered structure attached to a residence or adjacent to a residence and erected over a driveway, which is completely open on three or more sides and used for the temporary unloading and loading of vehicles. A porte-cochère, a structure for vehicle passage, is to be distinguished from a portico, a columned porch or entry for human, rather than vehicular, traffic. अंग्रेज़ी शब्दकोश में उदाहरणों के साथ porte-cochere का अर्थ। porte-cochere के पर्यायवाची और 25 भाषाओं के लिए porte-cochere का अनुवाद।Porte-cocheres are built to allow visitors to enter and leave cars without exposure to rain or sun. The IBC defines building area as: The area included within surrounding exterior walls (or exterior walls and fire walls) exclusive of vent shafts and courts. One becquerel is equal to 1 disintegration or transformation per second (dps or tps). An example of a porte cochère is the covered area outside of a mansion’s entrance used to protect people leaving their cars and going inside during rain. Poche is the. Western windows and doors, smooth plaster, sleek concrete pavers, and all the technological bells and whistles. For more luxury home plans, please check out our Luxury House Floor Plans. Porte-cochère pronunciation - How to properly say Porte-cochère. The meaning of ARCHWAY is a way or passage under an arch; also : an arch over a passage. net dictionary. kɔ. 3 Garages. Schnelles Wortquiz. Browse the use examples 'porte cochère' in the great English corpus. How should an entrance of a hotel be? The entrance needs to be welcoming, it needs to be comfortable, and it needs to stir positive emotions. See more ideas about hotel entrance, architecture, entrance design. Phillips Creek Ranch Homes for Sale $1,003,821. The roofed structure, which extends from the entrance of a building over an adjacent driveway or courtyard, provided a bit of ceremony as well as functionality. Plan # 8-606. What is a covered drop off area called? Porte-cochere definition The definition of a porte cochère is a large entrance way of a courtyard, or a porch or driveway cover. このホームページは . The meaning of PORTE COCHERE is a passageway through a building or screen wall designed to let vehicles pass from the street to an interior courtyard. His new north wing added an imposing four-story tower, new porte-cochere (the old one was reworked as a glass walled vestibule) and a new dining room, two bedrooms, and servants quarters. Browse through the largest collection of home design ideas for every room in your home. Becquerel (Bq) means the SI unit of activity. El término proviene del idioma francés. Porte par laquelle les voitures peuvent passer pour entrer dans la cour d’une maison, d’un hôtel. Feudal Serfdom Definition, Life & Duties Feudal Serfdom. Merriam Webster gives "porte cocheres", which surely can't be right. 2 Stories. (The Dakota's is a notable example. To withstand all weather conditions, carport poles must be securely anchored to the ground. You need an architect to deign something that actually looks appropriate to the age and style of the home. A well-known example is at Buckingham Palace in London. (1) The State Fire Marshal shall adopt, by rule pursuant to ss. noun Definition of porte cochere as in porch Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance porch sun parlor verandah piazza veranda sleeping porch stoop lanai gallery sunroom solarium. Once complete, Disney’s Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa will feature an enhanced check-in. A. From creating custom porte cochere plans, to securing building permits, and until passing a final inspection, you will have our team with you handling every step of your home addition project from start to finish. For centuries, people have tried to develop different ways to bury and respect the dead. . Meaning of porte cochère. net dictionary. Also, in the definition of "Area, Building", it says " Areas of the building not provided with surrounding walls shall be included in the building area if such areas are included within the horizontal projection of the roof o floor above". On the White House Museum site, I found a quote from Charles Dickens about arriving at the White House North. 536 (1) and 120. (Architecture) a large covered entrance for vehicles leading into a courtyard. To look up an entry in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, use the search window above. Go to Building Systems & Construction Ch 3. 2. Browse through some of our custom plans for inspiration below . B. Sample translated sentence: I'll be waiting outside under the porte cochere. The ground floor was generally used as a shop, while the upper floor/floors were used as living space. Building Systems & Construction. A roofed structure that is open on at least three sides and extends from the building entrance over an adjacent driveway and shelters vehicle ingress and egress. Cite. Porte Cocheres can still be seen in luxury private homes and some public buildings such as churches. Porte-cochere definition, (in historical use) a covered carriage entrance leading into a courtyard. Monumental Bronze Porte Cochere or Porch Lantern. 2 : a roofed structure extending from the entrance of a building over an adjacent driveway and sheltering those getting in or out of vehicles. Situé au niveau du sol, à côté de l'entrée principale, les équipements de banquet sont immédiatement accessibles par l'intermédiaire de l'allée principale avec son propre cochere privé de porte. Modern Wood Garage Door. 2a. Contemporary design for the ultimate car collector. What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture Go to Architectural Concepts Ch 2. What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture; Go to Architectural Concepts Ch 2. ʃɛʁ]; lit. Go to Building Systems & Construction Ch 3. Douglas Jemal’s firm is taking over operations of the1 Seaport. Arabic : Cochere-ماسكة 0. 8. . noun (in historical use) a covered carriage entrance leading into a courtyard. Open Split View. S. The correct spelling is privileges. porte cochère \pɔʁ. What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture Go to Architectural Concepts Ch 2. a large covered entrance for vehicles leading into a courtyard. < coche: see coach. A porte-cochere is found on most of the older, Mediterranean-style homes throughout the city. tithe. Queen Anne houses are asymmetrical, medieval, and delightfully ornamental. Meaning of PORTE-COCHÈRE. Any area that is covered by a roof covering. What is a Porte Cochere? - Definition, Design & Architecture Go to Architectural Concepts Ch 2. Category. Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted where the exterior canopies, roofs, porte-cocheres, balconies, decks, and similar projections are constructed with materials that are noncombustible, limited-combustible, or fire retardant -treated wood as defined in NFPA 703, or where the projections are constructed utilizing a. An open-walled roof over a driveway next to the entrance of a building, to shield embarking and disembarking vehicle passengers from the weather. On the White House Museum site, I found a quote from Charles Dickens about arriving at the White House. A very handsome porte-cochere addition to this beautiful home. porte cochere. 2 Stories. charge - the price charged for some article or service; "the admission charge". Reservations: Reserve Now. Porte-Cochere. Plan # 12-1320. ʃɛʁ], late 17th century, literally 'coach gateway'; plural: porte-cochères, portes-cochères) is a doorway to a building or courtyard, "often very grand," through which vehicles can enter from the street or a covered porch-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building through which. Four foot foundation wall, 28' x 32'. It's original (1698) meaning was for a porch-like structure at an entrance to a building where a horse. — (Honoré de Balzac, La Femme de. FULL EXTERIOR REAR VIEW MAIN FLOOR UPPER FLOOR. Porte-cochere definition: . Porte cocheres were originally designed as roofed areas large enough for carriages or other wheeled vehicles. see more. Imagine a big European 18/19th century townhouse. La tante et la nièce étaient en ce moment sur le seuil de la porte cochère, occupées à regarder la calèche qui fuyait. Everett also built some of the earliest electric streetcar. 0 / 0 votes. High-end buildings catering to car owners are bringing it back. They are often used in hotels and other places where guests may be arriving by car. A porte-cochère ( / ˌpɔːrt koʊˈʃɛr /; French: [pɔʁt. Eldorado Estates Homes for Sale $468,704. SPIELE. porte-cochere /ˌpɔːtkɒˈʃɛə/ n. Wikipedia notes that the White House has a porte cochere, called the North Portico, which was added to the White House in 1830. Convenient ranch house features include a porte cochere at the side entrance to the mud room, a utility/sewing room near the kitchen, and covered porches. That would be a Very Weird look. or porte-co·chere n. 1. 633. Definition and meaning can be found here:A porte cochere (or portico) is a type of architectural feature commonly found in large homes. Share the Definition of Porte on Twitter Twitter. Everett House The coachman beneath the ornate Romanesque porte-cochere of the elaborate Sylvester T. If your porte-cochere does not require sprinkler protection per the building code, then no sprinklers are required regardless. A covered carriage or automobile entryway leading to a courtyard. Learn how to say Porte-Cochere with EmmaSaying free pronunciation tutorials. Browse modern garage pictures and designs. occlusive. port·ed, port·ing, ports. It typically features a roof supported by columns or posts, and it may be open on one or more sides. Modernism: Definition. Triangle Brick's Chesapeake Grey. Sylvester T. Wikipedia notes that the White House has a porte cochere, called the North Portico, which was added to the White House in 1830. — Search for words ending with. Truss | Definition, Types & ExamplesLocution nominale - français. The island kitchen, great room, and dining area flow into each other – creating an airy feel. Plan # 12-1320. The island kitchen, great room and dining area blend together to create an. Patio. The Porte-Cochere Creole townhouse, whose name means "coach door," was common from about 1800 to 1850. Building Systems & Construction. NFPA 13 addresses exterior projections. Page 3 City of San Diego · Technical Bulletin FIRE-9-3 January 2020 Documents Referenced in this Technical BulletinPorte cochère, porte de maison bourgeoise, assez grande pour que le cocher y fasse passer sa voiture. :. How to use plod in a sentence. <BR><BR>If it was a porte-chochere you would drive into the building. One of its wings contains the approximately 650-square-foot apartment, which occupies three levels next to and above the driveway as a sort of porte cochere. See more ideas about house exterior, craftsman house, craftsman bungalows. A roofed structure covering a driveway at the entrance of a building to provide shelter while entering or leaving a vehicle. Aménagement confortable et une vue de la maison cochère et de la cour intérieure. Definition of porte cochère in the Definitions. Via Fortis Property Group, this future 60-story South Street Seaport tower on Maiden Lane in lower Manhattan will boast 80 luxury condos (from $1. ↔ Je vais attendre dehors sous la porte cochère. 1 : a passageway through a building or screen wall designed to let vehicles pass from the street to an interior courtyard. The Porte Cochere may be relocated to another location on the UN campus or to any other site of the UN’s choosing. <BR><BR>More strictly, a portico is a porch with columns, while a porte-chochere is a porch or covered gateway that. 2. Go to. What does porte-cochere mean? Information and translations of porte-cochere in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The above project includes a 600-key high-rise hotel tower and a 400-key low-rise hotel; a hotel porte-cochere; a 200,000 sf casino expansion; multiple food and beverage venues; movie theaters; resort-style pools and a lazy river, 10,000 sf of retail; a fitness center; and a conference center. : a passageway through a building or screen wall designed to let vehicles pass from the street to an interior courtyard. It is attached to the side of the house and was originally intended to serve as a pickup and drop-off. Porte-cochere definition. (in historical use) a covered carriage entrance leading into a courtyard. Gratuit. Building Facade | Definition, Characteristics & Types. K. Go to. definition. Discover a wide variety of garage ideas, layouts and storage solutions to inspire your remodel. Login . Save Photo. Click to see the original definition of «cochère» in the French dictionary. Over 100,000 English translations of French words and phrases. C'est plutôt une porte cochère. : a roofed structure extending from the entrance of a building over an adjacent driveway and. It would be fully in compliance with NFPA 13 without sprinklers in the shaft. A working definition we like is ‘a covered entrance large enough for vehicles to pass through and pick up and drop off dignitaries…’ Timber framed side entry designed by architect David Patrick Moses. #4. Work is underway at the check-in entrance for Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel as it transforms into Disney's Pixar Place Hotel. To get there from the casino floor, take the walkway straight back, away from the Strip, past the Fulton Street Food Hall, and through the retail hallway. Other definition of porte-cochere is a large roof projecting over a drive to shelter travellers entering or leaving vehicles. Gide - La Porte - Sublime Porte - portcullis - porte-cochere - portfire. ventricle. From Wiki, an instructional definition: "A porte-cochère (/ˌpɔːrt koʊˈʃɛr/), coach gate or carriage porch is a porch- or portico-like structure at a main or secondary entrance to a building through which a horse and carriage (or motor vehicle) can pass in order for the occupants to alight under cover, protected from the weather. Porte et Gardin plough porte tache porte-aiguille porte-cochere porte-cochère; Porte-Cochère; porte-crayon Porte-Joie porte-monnaie porte-monnaies porte-mote porte-mouchoir Porté-Puymorens Portea Portec insulated jointTraduzione di "porte cochère" in italiano. 6. Porte-cochere means a covering structure projecting horizontally from and attached to a building, affording. A porte cochere is a covered entranceway usually attached to a house plan that allows vehicles to drive through and drop off people and belongings protected from the elements. The term porte-cochere has been added to the list of exterior areas that do not require sprinkler protection. porte; porte-cochere; porte-cochre; porte-monnaie; ported; Random Word Learn a new word now! Get a Random Word. The porte cochere definition is a covered entranceway to a house or other building. A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. Literally, the term (which comes from the French language) means 'talking architecture. [C17: from French: carriage entrance, from porte gateway + coche coach]Aménagement confortable et une vue de la maison cochère et de la cour intérieure. Everett, a prominent financier, was a personal friend of President James A. Poche: Definition. The 3,400 SF, 3 – bedroom, 3 ½ bath main house feels larger than it is because we pulled the kids’ bedroom wing and master suite wing out from the public spaces and connected all three with a TV Den. Show More. The first level includes an open-space kitchen and. What is the correct way to spell the word privelidge? The correct spelling is privileges. Queen Anne often is called “the first national style,” because pattern.